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Injured and killed at protests

The specialised databases that track individual cases over the years, and a timeline of major historical milestones and movement-wide tolls (1891 to the present).

Our rules and limitations

  • No duplication of specialised databases: ongoing case-by-case tracking of victims and court proceedings is carried out by the newsrooms and collectives listed below (Basta!, Désarmons-les, Mutilés pour l'exemple, Allô Place Beauvau). Our timeline focuses on major historical milestones and movement-wide tolls.
  • Every entry links to its sources: court ruling, inquiry, recognised census or investigative outlet.
  • Out of respect, only deceased victims or cases that are already widely public are named; injured people appear as tallies. No living minor is named.
  • Known biases and limitations: in the absence of complete official statistics, this timeline relies on cases reported to collectives or covered by the press and is not exhaustive. Judicial outcomes often take years, and many complaints are dismissed or end in a non-suit when the individual officer cannot be identified.
  • No needlessly graphic detail. A mistake, something missing? Report it.

Reference databases

There is no complete official statistic: these specialised databases, kept by outlets and collectives, document and update cases one by one.

Major historical milestones and tolls

  1. Army · Fourmies (Nord)

    Fusillade de Fourmies

    9 dead

    Troops fire on a May Day workers' march for the eight-hour day; young people are among the dead.

    Justice: No prosecution — No soldier prosecuted. Nine demonstrators, however, get 2 to 4 months in prison, and two organisers (including Paul Lafargue) prison or hard labour. (Wikipedia (French) — Fourmies shooting)

    See also: Fourmies shooting (history)

    Sources: Wikipedia (French) — Fourmies shooting

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  2. Army · Narbonne (Aude)

    Fusillades de Narbonne (révolte des vignerons)

    5 dead on 20 June, at least 7 in two days; about 33 injured

    During the southern winegrowers' revolt, troops fire on the crowd on 19 and 20 June after the arrest of mayor Ernest Ferroul; the dead include a 14-year-old boy and a 20-year-old woman.

    Sources: Wikipedia (FR) — 1907 winegrowers' revolt

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  3. Gendarmerie · Vigneux (Essonne)

    Grève de Draveil : tirs à Vigneux

    2 dead, about ten injured

    Gendarmes fire on striking navvies and quarry workers gathered in a hall; a 48-year-old worker and a 17-year-old are killed.

    Sources: Wikipedia (FR) — Draveil-Villeneuve-Saint-Georges strike

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  4. Army · Villeneuve-Saint-Georges (Val-de-Marne)

    Grève de Draveil : Villeneuve-Saint-Georges

    4 dead, over 200 injured

    Five cavalry regiments and gendarmes charge and fire on the march supporting the strikers.

    Sources: Wikipedia (FR) — Draveil-Villeneuve-Saint-Georges strike

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  5. Police · Merlebach, Firminy, Alès

    Grève des mineurs de 1948

    3 miners killed by the security forces; 5 or 6 dead in all

    To break the strike, the government sends CRS and army into the coalfields: one miner beaten to death with rifle butts by CRS (8 October), another shot by police (22 October), a third killed by a submachine-gun burst (26 October).

    Sources: Wikipedia (FR) — 1948 miners' strike

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  6. Police · Brest (Finistère)

    Édouard Mazé

    1 dead

    26-year-old worker and CGT activist, shot in the head by the security forces during a march of striking building workers and dockers.

    Justice: Case dismissed — Case dismissed: the shooter could not be identified 'with certainty'. (Wikipedia (FR) — Édouard Mazé)

    Sources: Wikipedia (FR) — Édouard Mazé

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  7. Police · Paris, place de la Nation

    Massacre du 14 juillet 1953

    7 dead

    At the end of an authorised PCF and CGT march, police fire without warning on the Algerian independence activists' section: six Algerians and a French trade unionist are killed.

    Justice: Case dismissed — Case dismissed in favour of the police officers; none is prosecuted. (Wikipedia (FR) — 14 July 1953 massacre in Paris)

    Sources: Wikipedia (FR) — 14 July 1953 massacre in Paris

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  8. Police · Paris

    Massacre du 17 octobre 1961

    From 32 to more than 200 dead depending on the source, including protesters thrown into the Seine; more than 11,000 arrests

    Peaceful march of Algerians against a discriminatory curfew, crushed under police prefect Maurice Papon. Official recognition in 2012 ('bloody repression'), 2021 ('crimes inexcusable for the Republic') and a National Assembly resolution in 2024.

    Justice: Amnesty — No prosecution: the 1966 amnesty law covers the repression of the 1961 and 1962 demonstrations. (Wikipedia (French) — Charonne metro station affair)

    See also: 17 October 1961 massacre (history)

    Sources: Larousse — 17 October 1961 massacre (in French) · Élysée — President's statement on 17 October 1961 (2012) · Al Jazeera — Macron decries 'inexcusable' Algerian protest massacre in Paris (2021) · LCP — The National Assembly recognises and condemns the 'massacre of Algerians of 17 October 1961 in Paris'

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  9. Police · Paris

    Métro Charonne

    9 dead

    Protesters against the OAS and the Algerian War die crushed or beaten during the police crackdown.

    Justice: Amnesty — No prosecution: the 1966 amnesty law covers the repression of the 1961 and 1962 demonstrations. (Wikipedia (French) — Charonne metro station affair)

    See also: Charonne metro station (history)

    Sources: Wikipedia (French) — Charonne metro station affair

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  10. Gendarmerie · Flins-sur-Seine (Yvelines)

    Gilles Tautin

    1 dead

    17-year-old high-school student, drowned in the Seine near the striking Renault plant. According to witnesses, the group was fleeing a gendarme charge and was kept from getting out of the water; the authorities claimed the young people jumped in of their own accord.

    Sources: Wikipedia (FR) — Gilles Tautin affair

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  11. Police · Sochaux (Doubs)

    Usine Peugeot de Sochaux

    2 dead

    During the clearing of the occupied plant, a locksmith worker is shot dead by CRS; another dies falling from a wall.

    Sources: Wikipedia (FR) — Gilles Tautin affair

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  12. Gendarmerie · Creys-Malville (Isère)

    Vital Michalon

    1 dead

    31-year-old teacher killed at a rally against the Superphénix nuclear plant, his lungs burst by a blast. According to Basta!, a fragment of an offensive grenade fired by mobile gendarmes; the prosecutor first spoke of a heart attack and a home-made device, which a 1979 expert report also retained.

    Justice: Case dismissed — Family complaint: case dismissed, as the investigations did not clarify how he died. (Wikipedia (FR) — Vital Michalon · Basta! — Deaths following police interventions (database, 1977-2022))

    Sources: Basta! — Deaths following police interventions (database, 1977-2022) · Wikipedia (FR) — Vital Michalon

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  13. Police · Paris

    Malik Oussekine

    1 dead

    22-year-old student killed by police during protests against the Devaquet bill.

    Justice: Conviction — Paris assize court: two officers get 5- and 2-year suspended sentences for fatal assault; the prosecution had asked for jail time. (Wikipedia (French) — Malik Oussekine case)

    See also: Death of Malik Oussekine (history)

    Sources: Wikipedia (French) — Malik Oussekine case

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  14. Police · Amiens (Somme)

    Lucien Barbier

    1 dead

    62-year-old retiree, PC and CGT activist, clubbed by police during a march for the northern TGV line to stop in Amiens; with a fractured skull, he dies twenty days later.

    Justice: State liability (administrative courts) — Family complaint against persons unknown; the Amiens administrative court orders the State to pay a symbolic one franc (October 1994). (Basta! — Deaths following police interventions (database, 1977-2022))

    Sources: Basta! — Deaths following police interventions (database, 1977-2022)

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  15. Police · Paris, rue des Chartreux

    Sébastien Deyzieu

    1 dead

    22-year-old nationalist activist. Chased by plain-clothes police after a banned far-right demonstration, he falls from a rooftop while trying to escape and dies two days later. The investigation concludes it was an accident; according to Basta!, the circumstances remain unclear.

    Justice: Case dismissed — Case dropped (1994). (Basta! — Deaths following police interventions (database, 1977-2022))

    Sources: Basta! — Deaths following police interventions (database, 1977-2022)

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  16. Far right · Paris, pont du Carrousel

    Brahim Bouarram

    1 dead

    On the margins of the National Front May Day march, a far-right activist pushes this 29-year-old Moroccan into the Seine, where he drowns.

    Justice: Conviction — The killer gets 8 years in prison; three accomplices 5 years, 4 suspended, for failing to assist a person in danger. (Wikipedia (FR) — Brahim Bouarram affair)

    Sources: Wikipedia (FR) — Brahim Bouarram affair

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  17. Police · Mamoudzou (Mayotte)

    El Anziz Ali

    1 dead

    39-year-old man who died during a protest against the high cost of living, after clashes with the police. The autopsy finds a perforated heart; witnesses speak of a grenade or a rubber-bullet (LBD) shot to the chest, the authorities first mentioned a heart attack, then the heart massage.

    Justice: Case dismissed — Case dropped (2012). (Basta! — Deaths following police interventions (database, 1977-2022))

    Sources: Basta! — Deaths following police interventions (database, 1977-2022)

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  18. Gendarmerie · Sivens (Tarn)

    Rémi Fraisse

    1 dead

    21-year-old environmental activist killed by a gendarmerie grenade; the OF-F1 grenade is banned in 2017.

    Justice: Case dismissed — Case against the gendarme dismissed, upheld on appeal (2020) and in cassation (2021). Administrative courts hold the State liable without fault, and the ECHR finds France violated the right to life on 27 February 2025. (Wikipedia (FR) — Death of Rémi Fraisse · Le Temps — ECHR finds France violated Rémi Fraisse's right to life)

    See also: Death of Rémi Fraisse (history)

    Sources: Wikipedia — Killing of Rémi Fraisse (OF-F1 grenade ban) · Le Temps — ECHR finds France violated Rémi Fraisse's right to life

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  19. Police · Paris, place de la République

    Laurent Théron (loi Travail)

    1 trade unionist blinded in one eye

    SUD trade unionist, he loses the use of his right eye, hit by a dispersal grenade thrown by a CRS officer; the investigating judges find the throw 'outside any legal framework'.

    Justice: Acquittal — Sent to the assize court in 2019, the CRS officer is acquitted on grounds of self-defence; the prosecution does not appeal. The victim takes the case to the ECHR. (Tendance Ouest — Police officer sent to trial for an unjustified grenade throw · Politis — CRS officer who maimed Laurent Theron definitively acquitted)

    Sources: Politis — Union activist injured in the eye: two videos point to the CRS · Tendance Ouest — Police officer sent to trial for an unjustified grenade throw

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  20. Gendarmerie · Notre-Dame-des-Landes (Loire-Atlantique)

    Maxime Peugeot (Notre-Dame-des-Landes)

    1 hand blown off

    21-year-old student, his hand is blown off by a GLI-F4 grenade during the gendarmes' clearing of the ZAD; he acknowledged picking it up and said he did not mean to throw it back. The grenade, blamed for several mutilations, was withdrawn in January 2020.

    Justice: Proceedings ongoing — The Saint-Nazaire prosecutor's preliminary inquiry is dropped on 10 August 2018. He then files a civil-party complaint with the Rennes investigating judge, targeting the gendarme, his superiors, the grenade maker and the authorities who kept it in service. Outcome unknown to date. (France 3 — Hand blown off at Notre-Dame-des-Landes: the student files a civil-party complaint)

    Sources: Reporterre — Maxime Peugeot, the student badly injured by gendarmes at the Zad, files a complaint · Public Sénat — Castaner announces the symbolic withdrawal of a controversial grenade

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  21. Police · France

    Gilets jaunes : mutilations

    24 lost an eye, 5 lost a hand (2018-2019)

    The “Mutilés pour l'exemple” collective counts 24 people who lost an eye and 5 a hand, mainly from LBD rounds and grenades; more than 13,000 LBD shots in a few months.

    See also: Yellow vests (history)

    Sources: Politis — The "mutilated as an example" march and accuse · Public Sénat — Yellow vests: more than 13,000 LBD shots

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  22. Police · Marseille

    Zineb Redouane

    1 dead

    80-year-old woman hit in the face by a tear-gas grenade while closing her window as a protest passed; she dies the next day.

    Justice: Proceedings ongoing — Judicial investigation moved to Lyon; the CRS officer who fired is charged with involuntary manslaughter. (Wikipedia (French) — Death of Zineb Redouane)

    Sources: Wikipedia (French) — Death of Zineb Redouane · Amnesty International France — Justice for Zineb Redouane

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  23. Police · Nice

    Geneviève Legay

    1 seriously injured

    73-year-old activist injured in the head during a police charge.

    Justice: Conviction — The commissioner who ordered the charge gets a 6-month suspended sentence for complicity in violence (8 March 2024), not entered in his record; upheld on appeal. The State is also held liable. (LyonMag — Geneviève Legay case: the commissioner who ordered the charge convicted · Lyon Capitale — Six-month suspended sentence upheld on appeal for the commissioner · Politis — Geneviève Legay case: the State held liable)

    See also: Geneviève Legay (Nice) (history)

    Sources: L'Avenir — The protester injured in Nice was indeed pushed by a police officer · LyonMag — Geneviève Legay case: the commissioner who ordered the charge convicted

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  24. Police · Nantes

    Steve Maia Caniço

    1 dead

    During the music festival, a police operation precedes his fall into the Loire; his body is found in July.

    Justice: Acquittal — The commissioner tried for involuntary manslaughter is acquitted by the Rennes criminal court; the prosecution does not appeal. (Wikipedia (French) — Death of Steve Maia Caniço)

    See also: Death of Steve Maia Caniço (history)

    Sources: Wikipedia (French) — Death of Steve Maia Caniço

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  25. Gendarmerie · Sainte-Soline (Deux-Sèvres)

    Sainte-Soline

    Many seriously injured

    Protest against agricultural mega-basins; gendarmes' body-camera footage shows banned direct grenade shots.

    Justice: Proceedings ongoing — The complaint by the four most seriously injured is dismissed at the end of 2025; in December 2025 the Rennes prosecutor opens a judicial investigation into the direct grenade fire. (Reporterre — Dismissal, unused evidence: three years after Sainte-Soline)

    See also: Sainte-Soline (history)

    Sources: Reporterre — Gendarmes' videos at Sainte-Soline revealed by Mediapart and Libération · franceinfo — Direct shots, insults: what the Sainte-Soline videos reveal

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  26. Overall toll (several causes) · France

    Mouvement lycéen et étudiant : bilan

    More than 200 students and 147 school staff injured; more than 800 police officers and gendarmes injured (as of 13 October)

    Blockades and protests for more teachers and resources. By 9 October, 6,877 people taken into custody, 86% of them minors (Ministry of Justice). Stun grenades are suspended for these protests on 7 October.

    See also: 2026 high-school movement (history)

    Sources: Wikipedia (French) — 2026 high-school and student movement in France · Amnesty International France — High-school movement: minors facing repression

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  27. Police · Tours

    Lycéen éborgné à Tours

    A 16-year-old student lost an eye

    Hit by a rubber-bullet launcher (LBD) round during a high-school protest.

    Justice: Proceedings ongoing — The family files a complaint for violence by a person holding public authority. According to the Tours prosecutor, the injuries are consistent with an LBD shot; the investigation is entrusted to the IGPN. (franceinfo — High-school student blinded in one eye in Tours: the family files a complaint)

    Sources: LDH — Violent repression of the high-school movement (9 October 2026)

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  28. Police · Lens (Pas-de-Calais)

    Lycéen mutilé à Lens

    A 15-year-old student lost a hand

    Injured by a grenade during a high-school protest; two days later, stun grenades are suspended for these protests.

    Justice: Proceedings ongoing — Investigation for violence causing mutilation or permanent disability, entrusted to the IGPN. According to the Béthune prosecutor, an explosive grenade was thrown after warnings and two tear gas grenades; he cannot establish whether the student picked it up or it was thrown at him. (franceinfo — Hand blown off by a grenade near a Lens high school: IGPN investigation)

    Sources: LDH — Violent repression of the high-school movement (9 October 2026) · Wikipedia (French) — 2026 high-school and student movement in France

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

  29. Far right · Une quinzaine de villes

    Agressions d'ultradroite en marge des manifestations

    Injured

    Far-right groups, often masked, attack protesters in around fifteen cities.

    Sources: franceinfo — Violences de l'ultradroite en marge des manifestations du 24 octobre · Basta! — The far right attacks in Montpellier in front of the police

    AI-sourced on · awaiting human check

See also: documented repression and disinformation · what the street won.

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